Linguistics is the scientific discipline that studies language as a system of signs used by a specific community for communication. It investigates the structure, functions, and developmental principles of language, as well as the methods of its study and teaching. This science encompasses a wide array of subfields, including phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and lexicology. The present article examines the key aspects of linguistics as a science, its place among the humanities, and the main approaches to understanding language and speech. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between the concepts of “language” and “speech”: language is interpreted as a systemic code, whereas speech is its realization in specific acts of communication. Modern linguistics views language not only as a means of transmitting information but also as a vital element of culture that reflects a people's historical experience, values, and worldview. The interaction between language and thought, the functioning of language in various s pheres of communication, and issues of intercultural communication are all gaining particular relevance. In contemporary society, multilingual competence is becoming increasingly important, as the ability to communicate in two or more languages is becoming a prerequisite for successful intercultural interaction and professional activity. Linguistics, language, language system, language learning, communication, multilingualism.