This article explores the linguistic interpretation of the

categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality. It presents

definitions and descriptions of these two categories as provided by

global scholars and analyzes contexts drawn from literary discourse.

It is noted that while evidentiality is viewed as a grammatical

category in some languages and a lexical one in others, it can also be

interpreted as a pragmatic category in Turkic languages.

Furthermore, there are languages where the category of evidentiality

has not yet been fully defined. Through evidentiality, the listener

becomes aware of the source of the information conveyed by the

speaker: whether the speaker witnessed the event firsthand, heard it,

or reached a logical conclusion based on certain evidence, and

transmits this logical perspective to second, third, and other parties.

The reality described in the message may or may not have occurred,

yet both facts are perceived by the listener as truthful information.

Not only verbs of perception but also other parts of speech, such as

adverbs, prepositions, and nouns, can actively participate in

expressing evidentiality. In this article, the categories of evidentiality

and epistemic modality in English, German, Russian, and Uzbek are

identified and analyzed within the contexts of oral speech and literary

discourse.