Digital transformation has changed the conditions of intercultural interaction, opening new opportunities for communication while producing algorithmic and cultural barriers. The aim of the article is to systematize the theoretical and methodological foundations and practical mechanisms of intercultural dialogue in the digital media space. The study employs theoretical and methodological analysis, systems modelling and comparative analysis of sociocultural practices; the media theories of M. McLuhan and M. Castells are integrated with the intercultural communication concepts of E. Hall, G. Hofstede, M. Byram and D. Deardorff. Based on A. P. Sadokhin’s three-component model, a classification of participants, tools and risks of digital interaction is proposed at three levels: institutional, professional and user. The findings show that the digital environment is ambivalent: it supports rapprochement of cultures while creating conditions for their algorithmic segregation through filter bubbles and echo chambers. The experience of Turkic-speaking states, the Azerbaijani model of multiculturalism and the role of Uzbekistan’s online media in promoting tolerance are analysed. The key role of language universities in training specialists for the media sphere is substantiated. Recommendations are formulated on integrating media literacy and intercultural competence into higher education curricula and on developing transnational media platforms of the Turkic world.