The article examines the history of studying English and Russian psychological novels in Russian and international literary scholarship. The aim is to identify the major stages in the formation of scholarly concepts of the psychological novel, compare the methodological foundations of English and Russian research traditions, and determine current tendencies in their interaction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to approach the historiography of the psychological novel as a unified process rather than as a collection of studies devoted to individual authors and works. The methodology combines comparative-historical, historical-literary, comparative-typological, hermeneutic, and systemic methods. The research material includes works by major literary scholars and contemporary studies of psychologism, narratology, and novel theory. The findings show that the Russian tradition has predominantly developed a historical-poetic and philosophical-psychological model that connects psychologism with genre evolution and the problem of personality. The English tradition has gradually developed a narratological model focused on narrative perspective, inner speech, and the representation of consciousness. The results demonstrate an increasing integration of these approaches in contemporary literary scholarship. The scientific novelty lies in systematizing the two traditions as complementary components of a unified historiographical process.