This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical development stages, theoretical foundations, and practical achievements of Uzbek literary translation spanning more than a century. The author highlights the formation of the national school of translation in connection with the activities of the Uzbek press, in particular, such publications as “Jahon adabiyoti” and “Sharq yulduzi”. In the study, the results achieved in the field of translation during the years of independence, the activities of scientific councils and the increase in the number of dissertations on translation studies show how much the field has accelerated. The central part of the article examines the processes of translating works by Turkic literature – Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz writers into the Uzbek language. The article focuses on the philosophical works of Jalaluddin Rumi, the realism of Umar Sayfiddin, the spiritual heritage of Abai and Mukhtar Auezov, as well as the mastery of conveying the work of Chingiz Aitmatov to the Uzbek reader. In particular, the strengthening of cultural and spiritual integration between peoples through translation, the artistic expression of Turkic brotherhood ties are revealed with scientific evidence. The author specifically acknowledges the high skill of Uzbek translators in adapting masterpieces of world literature to the national language. In conclusion, the article is of great importance in determining the past, present and future prospects of Uzbek translation art and serves as a theoretical source for new research in the field of comparative literature.