This study explores the artistic representation of ecological and technological problems in dystopian literature, a topic of increasing importance in the context of contemporary environmental crises and rapid technological development. The relevance of the research lies in its examination of how dystopian literature reflects global concerns such as environmental degradation, resource depletion, technological domination, and the changing relationship between humanity and nature. Moreover, this study may provide further insights into warning function of dystopian narratives. The main aim of the study is to identify the aesthetic, symbolic, and ideological functions of ecological catastrophe and technology in dystopian narratives. To achieve this objective, a wide range of dystopian works by authors such as George Orwell, Ray Bradbury, Cormac McCarthy, Margaret Atwood, Aldous Huxley, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Octavia Butler, and others were analyzed. The research employs literary text analysis, ecocritical, narratological, comparative-typological, thematic, structural, and semiotic methods. The analysis focuses on narrative exposition, central conflicts, symbolic representations, and the evolving relationship between technology and ecology across different historical stages of dystopian literature. Particular attention is given to how ecological catastrophe functions as a narrative setting, ideological warning, and symbolic reflection of social, political, and moral decline.