This article discusses the actual problems of researching the problem of psyche in world literature, artistic interpretation of all the complexity, contradictions, invisible and mysterious sides of the hero's emotions. In the XX century, the confusing and endless expanses of subconscious layers, which form the basis of psychoanalytic teaching, and literary and poetic features were studied. At the first stage of development, fantastic literature was divided into scientific and non-scientific fiction, then social, philosophical, everyday fiction, turborealism, cyberpunk, alternative fiction appeared in modern literary studies. Also, considering the study of the phenomenon of psychologism in world literature as a scientific-theoretical problem, it should be noted that the image of man is at the centre of fiction, and revealing his spiritual world, describing the unrestrained evolutions occurring in his inner world, is considered the artistic imagination and creative intent of the writer. The role of fiction is incomparable in revealing the truth about man, his nature, heart and psyche. Each creator, as a talented person, develops the landscapes of the psyche only in his own unique way. The leading features of the writer's creativity, his unique artistic world, style, mastery of interpretation of the psyche are manifested directly in relation to the artistic images he creates. In the artistic image finds its expression the spiritual world of the writer, understanding of beauty, emotional state arising on the basis of the relationship between the world and man.