This article analyzes the historical development of Uzbek translation and translation studies, their theoretical foundations, and contemporary issues from a scholarly perspective. The author consistently examines the formation of the Uzbek translation school beginning from ancient times and substantiates the close connection between this process and the socio-cultural development of society. The study demonstrates that since the Islamic period, scientific, religious, and literary translations from Arabic, Persian, and other languages have played an important role in the development of national culture. Special attention is given to the fact that during the two periods of cultural renaissance, t ranslation activities significantly expanded and the literary potential of the Turkic language was considerably enriched. The article also highlights, based on scholarly evidence, that the activities of Jadid intellectuals at the beginning of the twentieth century marked the beginning of the modern stage of Uzbek translation. It is noted that the Jadids made a significant contribution to the development of national enlightenment and culture through translating works of world literature into the Uzbek langua ge. Furthermore, the translation practice of the Soviet period, theoretical research in the field, as well as their achievements and shortcomings are analyzed in detail. The author shows that the formation of the Uzbek translation school was strongly influ enced by the translation activities of prominent literary figures such as Cholpon, Usmon Nasir, Gafur Ghulom, Abdulla Qahhor, and Maqsud Shaykhzoda. The study also discusses theoretical issues in translation studies, including the problems of translation adequacy, congeniality, preservation of the authorʼs stylistic features, and the translatorʼs deep knowledge of language and culture. In addition, translations from the literatures of related Turkic peoples are emphasized as an important factor in strengthe ning literary and cultural connections. Summarizing the existing translation experience, the author proposes important scholarly conclusions regarding the prospects and future directions of Uzbek translation and translation studies. Translation, translatio n studies, translator, congeniality, realia, creative translation, literal translation, translation between cognate languages, folklore, poetry, drama, prose text.