This article scientifically analyzes the role of English enlighteners, writers and public figures who lived and wrote their works in the Middle English and Modern English periods in the formation and development of the word stock of the English literary language. The study highlights the socio -cultural environment, the influence of literary traditions and scientific and educational movements in the development of the English literary language. Also, issues such as the lexical enrichment of language, the formation of new words and their meanings, the perfection of the literary style are considered through the work of some English writers and thinkers in the process of history from the Middle Ages to the new era. The results of the study show that in the formation of the English literary language, personal creative factors, socio-cultural processes and the harmony of literary heritage play an important role. The study reveals that the modern form of literary English is a complex and multifaceted system shaped b y the socio -political and cultural processes of various historical stages, as well as the creative and scholarly activities of great figures. English literary language, lexical content, language development, English writers, enlighteners, language history, MiddleEnglish, Modern English, language and society.