This article examines the modern development of Uzbekistanʼs toponymy in close connection with the socio -political, cultural, and economic processes taking place in society. The main objective of the study is to conduct a socio -cultural analysis of the changes that have occurred in the to ponymic system during the period of independence and to determine the role of place names in shaping national identity. The article addresses the issues of restoring historical toponyms, forming new place names, and their spiritual and educational signific ance in public consciousness. The research methodology is based on comparative -historical, semantic, and sociolinguistic methods of analysis. Drawing on the scholarly views of S. Korayev, E. Begmatov, T. Nafasov, and other researchers, the ethnolinguistic features of toponyms, their social functions, and their linguocultural content are revealed. The results of the study demonstrate that toponyms function not only as tools of geographical orientation but also as important indicators of historical memory, cultural heritage, and national identity. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the modern development of Uzbekistanʼs toponymy is closely linked to socio-cultural factors and requires systematic and scientifically grounded study and regulation. Toponymy, historical memory, national identity, ethnocultural tradition, independence period, toponymic policy, geographical names, linguoculture, nomination.