The purpose of this paper is to analyze the political elements present in literature during the American Enlightenment and Uzbek Jadid movement, and to uncover the political inclinations expressed in the literary works of the representatives from these periods. We have tried to shed light on the effect of the socio-political environments and the political atmospheres during the 18th and early 19th centuries in shaping aesthetic works. Moreover, the current article deeply examines some specific literary works during the times in question and reveals their relation to political events. Furthermore, the writersʼ socio-economic status and how it impacted the works they produced will be thoroughly analyzed. If we observe the literature of the American Enlightenment period with its various political agendas and trends, the emergence of new types of genres in literature, while in the Uzbek national literature, under the impact of world literature, a variety of genres started to appear to reflect the transformations in the society.