The article deals with the stages of development of the dystopian novel in English literature and the factors that caused it, the unhealthy social, economic, political, cultural and psychological environment in the world that became the subject of dystopian works, the problems of the unstable development of science and technology and their description in dystopian works. The abilities of English authors H.G. Wells, Edward Morgan Forster, Aldous Huxley, George Orwell, Anthony Burgess and Kazuo Ishiguro to write dystopian works, as well as the artistic originality of their works are analyzed. The article reflects the scientific and theoretical views of world literary scholars on the dystopian works of these authors. The author of the article expressed a scientific and theoretical attitude to the development of dystopia in English literature and its artistic and aesthetic value. To conduct the research, biographical, comparative typological, psychoanalytic, psychological, cultural-historical, and structural methods of analysis were used. The purpose of the article is to study the factors that influenced the creation of dystopian novels and stories in English literature and their historical evolution, as well as to study the essence of the scientific phenomenon of dystopian works in modern literary processes.