The aim of the present study is to identify the ways in which moral and emotional meanings associated with “shame culture” and “guilt culture”are expressed in English literary texts and to determine the specific features of their recreation in literary translation into Uzbek. The research problem focuses on determining whether the components of social evaluation, individual moral responsibility, inner experience, and emotional evaluation conveyed by the lexical units “shame” and “guilt” in literary contexts are preserved in translation or undergo semantic and pragmatic transformations. The study selected literary contexts related to “shame”and “guilt” from Nathaniel Hawthorneʼs novel “The Scarlet Letter” and identified the semantic, pragmatic, and linguocultural components actualized in these contexts. Based on these components, several alternative Uzbek translation variants of the units under consideration were developed and subjected to a comparative translation analysis. The main criteria for evaluating the translation variants were the degree to which the denotative meaning of the original, emotional intensity, social evaluation, individual moral responsibility, and communicative-pragmatic effect were recreated. The results demonstrate that, in translating the concepts of “shame”and “guilt”, conveying their denotative meanings alone is insufficient; the reproduction of social evaluation, moral responsibility, and linguocultural connotations is an essential condition for achieving semantic-pragmatic adequacy.