This article presents a comparative analysis of the historical

development, aesthetic and socio-philosophical content of the

epistolary genre in Eastern and Western literature. The article

highlights the artistic and spiritual features of works in the form of

letters based on examples of ancient Chinese, Indian, Persian,

Japanese, and European literature. The study employs historical-

typological, cultural-comparative, and source analysis methods. It

demonstrates that in Eastern literature, the epistolary genre evolved

as a means of expressing moral, Sufi, and spiritual ideas, while in

Western literature, it rose to the status of an independent artistic genre

conveying personal experience and philosophical thought. The

multifaceted nature of the genre is highlighted through the epistolary

heritage of creators such as Su Shi in Chinese literature, Jalaluddin

Rumi in Persian literature, and Seneca, Rousseau, Richardson, and

Goethe in European literature. The article emphasizes that the

epistolary genre remains significant even in todayʼs digital age,

taking on new modern forms through electronic letters, blogs, and

online correspondence. Furthermore, the article scientifically

analyzes aspects of the epistolary genre such as freedom and sincerity

in language, style, and aesthetic expression, as well as the full

manifestation of the authorʼs personality. The research concludes by

recognizing the epistolary genre as an integral part of the literary

process, playing a crucial role in humanityʼs spiritual, social, and

cultural development.