This article thoroughly analyzes the complex aspects of the

translation process between languages belonging to different

language families and differing in various respects, with a particular

focus on lexical-semantic challenges. Using Uzbek and English as

examples, it examines the differences between languages and the

impact of grammatical and stylistic variations on translation practice.

The study extensively explores lexical-semantic phenomena that

translators encounter when translating works from Uzbek into

English, such as synonymy, polysemy, idiomatic expressions, and

lexical gaps, along with the problems they present. Additionally, it

substantiates the importance of lexical choice and terminological

precision in translating historical and literary texts. The translation of

such works demands a specialized approach, as these texts embody

the authorʼs style, the spirit of the era, national-cultural elements,

religious terminology, poetic devices, historical terms, and period-

specific lexical units. The article emphasizes that translating

historical works requires not only linguistic competence but also

cultural knowledge, critical thinking, contextual understanding, and a

creative approach. Particular attention is given to the process of

selecting words from synonymous sets when translating historical

works from Uzbek into English. This article serves as a crucial

methodological foundation for translation theory, translation

pedagogy, and practical translation activities.