Today, translation remains one of the most relevant and

dynamic fields, with numerous issues still requiring scholarly

investigation. This article analyzes the challenges translators face

when dealing with realia—words and expressions related to the

culture and lifestyle of a particular nation—and examines the

differences between various cultures that complicate the translation

process.

In addition, the article offers effective strategies for translating

non-equivalent lexical units and selecting the most appropriate target

language equivalents. The paper also discusses cultural clashes that

arise during translation and explores the phenomenon of

“creolization,” where elements of source and target cultures merge.

The study highlights how translators’ decisions affect

intercultural proximity and adaptation to the target culture. It presents

various methods of translating realia and evaluates which of these

methods are most frequently used and why. To carry out the research,

biographical, comparative-typological, and structural analysis

methods were employed. The main aim of the article is to clarify

problematic lexical items in translation and illustrate the methods and

strategies for their effective rendering, supported by practical

examples.